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The Case for Expressive Systems

A new kind of information system is emerging that will reduce the time to market, help tailor products and services to customers' needs, and make processes more responsive to unexpected events. Expressive systems allow users to adapt quickly and easily to exceptions from standard operating procedure. The authors describe how expressive systems work and suggest ways of modifying the roles and structure of IS departments to implement the new technology.

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